Pod

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx:1.14.2
    ports:
    - name: nginx-port 
      containerPort: 80

Deployment

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apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - name:
          containerPort: 80

Statefulset

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apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx # 必须匹配 .spec.template.metadata.labels
  serviceName: "nginx"
  replicas: 3 # 默认值是 1
  minReadySeconds: 10 # 默认值是 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx 
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: registry.k8s.io/nginx-slim:0.8
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: web
        volumeMounts:
        - name: www
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: www
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: "my-storage-class"
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 1Gi

DaemonSet

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apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: fluentd-elasticsearch
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: fluentd-logging
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: fluentd-elasticsearch
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: fluentd-elasticsearch
    spec:
      tolerations:
      # 这些容忍度设置是为了让该守护进程集在控制平面节点上运行
      # 如果你不希望自己的控制平面节点运行 Pod，可以删除它们
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      containers:
      - name: fluentd-elasticsearch
        image: quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:v2.5.2
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 200Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 200Mi
        volumeMounts:
        - name: varlog
          mountPath: /var/log
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: varlog
        hostPath:
          path: /var/log

Service

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
spec:
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - name: portname-1
      protocol: TCP		# 默认TCP
      port: 80			# SVC-Port
      targetPort: 80    # Pod-Port   target: portnaem
    - name: portname-2
      protocol: TCP		# 默认TCP
      port: 8080		# SVC-Port
      targetPort: 8080  # Pod-Port   target: portnaem
# spec.type      NodePort ClusterIP
# spec.ports.nodePort: xxx
# spec.clusterIP 自定义IP		None为无头

自定义

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
spec:
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 9376
---
apiVersion: discovery.k8s.io/v1
kind: EndpointSlice
metadata:
  name: my-service-1 # 按惯例将服务的名称用作 EndpointSlice 名称的前缀
  labels:
    # 你应设置 "kubernetes.io/service-name" 标签。
    # 设置其值以匹配服务的名称
    kubernetes.io/service-name: my-service
addressType: IPv4
ports:
  - name: '' # 留空，因为 port 9376 未被 IANA 分配为已注册端口
    appProtocol: http
    protocol: TCP
    port: 9376
endpoints:
  - addresses:
      - "10.4.5.6" # 此列表中的 IP 地址可以按任何顺序显示
      - "10.1.2.3"

Ingress

注意IngressClassName

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apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: name-virtual-host-ingress
spec:
  rules:
  - host: foo.bar.com
    http:
      paths:
      - pathType: Prefix
        path: "/"
        backend:
          service:
            name: service1
            port:
              number: 80
  - host: bar.foo.com
    http:
      paths:
      - pathType: Prefix
        path: "/"
        backend:
          service:
            name: service2
            port:
              number: 80

PV&PVC

PV

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apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv0003
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 5Gi
  volumeMode: Filesystem
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
  storageClassName: slow
  mountOptions:
    - hard
    - nfsvers=4.1
  nfs:
    path: /tmp
    server: 172.17.0.2
# 回收策略
# Retain 保留 当PVC对象被删除时，PV 卷仍然存在，对应的数据卷被视为"已释放（released）"。 由于卷上仍然存在这前一申领人的数据，该卷还不能用于其他申领
# Delete 删除  删除动作会将 PV 对象从K8s中移除,包括所关联的存储资产
# Recycle 回收(弃用) 回收策略 Recycle 会在卷上执行一些基本的擦除 （rm -rf /thevolume/*）操作，之后允许该卷用于新的 PVC 申领。

PVC

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apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: myclaim
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  volumeMode: Filesystem
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 8Gi
  storageClassName: slow
  
# 访问模式
# ReadWriteOnce 卷可以被一个节点以读写方式挂载
# ReadOnlyMany 卷可以被多个节点以只读方式挂载
# ReadWriteMany 卷可以被多个节点以读写方式挂载
# ReadWriteOncePod 卷可以被单个 Pod 以读写方式挂载

# 卷模式
# Filesystem（文件系统） 和 Block（块）

申领

无状态

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: mypod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: myfrontend
      image: nginx
      volumeMounts:
      - mountPath: "/var/www/html"
        name: mypd
  volumes:
    - name: mypd
      persistentVolumeClaim:
        claimName: myclaim

有状态

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apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx # 必须匹配 .spec.template.metadata.labels
  serviceName: "nginx"
  replicas: 3 # 默认值是 1
  minReadySeconds: 10 # 默认值是 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx 
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: registry.k8s.io/nginx-slim:0.8
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: web
        volumeMounts:
        - name: www
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: www
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: "my-storage-class"
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 1Gi

ConfigMap

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apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: game-demo
data:
  # 类属性键；每一个键都映射到一个简单的值
  player_initial_lives: "3"
  ui_properties_file_name: "user-interface.properties"

  # 类文件键
  game.properties: |
    enemy.types=aliens,monsters
    player.maximum-lives=5    
  user-interface.properties: |
    color.good=purple
    color.bad=yellow
    allow.textmode=true    
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: configmap-demo-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: demo
      image: alpine
      env:
        # 定义环境变量
        - name: PLAYER_INITIAL_LIVES # 请注意这里和 ConfigMap 中的键名是不一样的
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: game-demo           # 这个值来自 ConfigMap
              key: player_initial_lives # 需要取值的键
        - name: UI_PROPERTIES_FILE_NAME
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: game-demo
              key: ui_properties_file_name
      volumeMounts:
      - name: config
        mountPath: "/config"
        readOnly: true
  volumes:
  # 你可以在 Pod 级别设置卷，然后将其挂载到 Pod 内的容器中
  - name: config
    configMap:
      # 提供你想要挂载的 ConfigMap 的名字
      name: game-demo
      # 来自 ConfigMap 的一组键，将被创建为文件
      items:
      # 不通过items会将类属性也挂载
      - key: "game.properties"
        path: "game.properties"
      - key: "user-interface.properties"
        path: "user-interface.properties"
---
# 需要注意subPath 默认挂载将覆盖路径下所有文件目录
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        command: ["sleep", "250000"]
        ports:
        - name: http-web-svc
          containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - name: nginx-conf
          mountPath: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
          subPath: "nginx.conf"
      volumes:
      - name: nginx-conf
        configMap:
          name: nginx-config
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: nginx
  ports:
  - name: name-of-service-port
    protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: http-web-svc
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: nginx-config
data:
  nginx.conf: |
    user  nginx;
    worker_processes  auto;

    error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
    pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }


    http {
        include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;

        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;

        keepalive_timeout  65;

        #gzip  on;

        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
        # xiaowangc edit
    }

Secret

作为环境变量

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
  USER_NAME: YWRtaW4=
  PASSWORD: MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: secret-test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: registry.k8s.io/busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
      envFrom:
      - secretRef:
          name: mysecret

作为文件

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# key为文件名，value为内容
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
  USER_NAME: YWRtaW4=
  PASSWORD: MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: mypod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: mypod
    image: redis
    volumeMounts:
    - name: foo
      mountPath: "/etc/foo"		
      readOnly: true
  volumes:
  - name: foo
    secret:
      secretName: nginx

将证书或密钥文件作为Secret

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[root@xiaowangc	~]# kubectl create secret generic ssh-key-secret --from-file=ssh-privatekey=/path/to/.ssh/id_rsa --from-file=ssh-publickey=/path/to/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

钩子

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: lifecycle-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: lifecycle-demo-container
    image: nginx
    lifecycle:
      postStart:
        exec:
          command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo Hello from the postStart handler > /usr/share/message"]
      preStop:
        exec:
          command: ["/bin/sh","-c","nginx -s quit; while killall -0 nginx; do sleep 1; done"]

资源限制

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: test-pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: high-priority
    image: ubuntu
    command: ["/bin/sh"]
    args: ["-c", "while true; do echo hello; sleep 10;done"]
    resources:
      requests:			# 资源请求
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
      limits:			# 最大限制
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"

亲和性

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: with-node-affinity
spec:
  affinity:
    nodeAffinity:
      requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
        nodeSelectorTerms:
        - matchExpressions:
          - key: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
            operator: In
            values:
            - antarctica-east1
            - antarctica-west1
      preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
      - weight: 1
        preference:
          matchExpressions:
          - key: another-node-label-key
            operator: In
            values:
            - another-node-label-value

污点容忍

设置污点

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[root@xiaowangc ~]# kubectl taint nodes node1 key1=value1:NoSchedule

取消污点

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kubectl taint nodes node1 key1=value1:NoSchedule-

容忍

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    env: test
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  tolerations:
  - key: "example-key"
    operator: "Exists"
    effect: "NoSchedule"

operator 的默认值是 Equal。

  • 如果 operator 是 Exists （此时容忍度不能指定 value），
  • 如果 operator 是 Equal ，则它们的 value 应该相等
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tolerations:
- key: "key1"
  operator: "Equal"
  value: "value1"
  effect: "NoSchedule"
=====================================
tolerations:
- key: "key1"
  operator: "Exists"
  effect: "NoSchedule"

初始容器

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: myapp-pod
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp-container
    image: busybox:1.28
    command: ['sh', '-c', 'echo The app is running! && sleep 3600']
  initContainers:
  - name: init-myservice
    image: busybox:1.28
    command: ['sh', '-c', "until nslookup myservice.$(cat /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/namespace).svc.cluster.local; do echo waiting for myservice; sleep 2; done"]
  - name: init-mydb
    image: busybox:1.28
    command: ['sh', '-c', "until nslookup mydb.$(cat /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/namespace).svc.cluster.local; do echo waiting for mydb; sleep 2; done"]